Cardiac Arrhythmias: Update on Mechanisms and Clinical Managements

1Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China 2The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55812, USA 3Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany 4Private Practice, Bonn, Germany 5Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany 6Metropolitan Heart and Vascular Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55433, USA